Lit. amerykańska wykład

Literatura Amerykańska


1700-1776

Which of the following statements concerning Jonathan Edwards is false?
Poprawna odpowiedź to: Jonathan Edwards’ approach present in his autobiography will be later undermined by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau in their works.

Which of the works mentioned below is Jonathan Edwards famous for?
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

Choose the one of the following sentences concerning Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography which is false:
 Franklin always sees time and other people as a potentially great impediment to man’s plans.

Who of the following New England writers is the author of A Short Narrative of My Life, which was written in 1768 and is one of the first Indian autobiographies?
 Samson Occom

Which author was a black slave who later wrote a captivity narrative?
Briton Hammon

Who is the author of a journey account presenting a realistic and satirical panorama of early 18th century America?
Sarah Kemble Knight

Which of the following cannot be associated with southern colonies?
Quakerism

What is the date of the Declaration of Independence?
 1776

Which statement is false?
a. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison belonged to the federalists.
b. Thomas Jefferson was against a strong government and argued for individual liberties.
c. Federalists evolved into today’s Democratic party. 
d. Federalists opted for a strong and centralized government.


Female Quixotism (1801) was a novel about a young woman who because of her excessive reading cannot tell truth from fiction. It was written by:
Tabitha Tenney

Which work represents an early example of American Gothic?
 Edgar Huntly; or Memoirs of a Sleep-Walker by Charles Brockden Brown

Which work is based on the motif of seduction, which was an important theme of sentimental novels?
Hannah W. Foster’s The Coquette

Which of the following statements below is false?
Wybierz jedną odpowiedź:
a. The Sot-Weed Factor (1708) is a satirical mock-epic. 
b. The Sot-Weed Factor (1708) challenges the myth of American moral superiority.
c. The Sot-Weed Factor (1708) was written by Thomas Godfrey. 


Who was the first published African-American female poet?
 Phillis Wheatley

Which play is specifically associated with the beginnings of American drama?
The Contrast by Royall Tyler

UP TO 1865 part 1

Read the fragment of Paweł Stachura’s An Outline of American Literature (pp. 35-39) and answer the following questions.

Which of the following fiction genres did not develop in American literature between 1820 and 1865?
detective novel

What in the materials is not considered as an ‘American addition’ when Stachura discusses a general outline of fiction genres in the American literature between 1820 and 1865?
gothic romance

Who is the author of The Diverting History of John Bull and Brother Jonathan (1812)?
Kirke Paulding

Which of the following sentences concerning James Fenimore Cooper is not true?
Wybierz jedną odpowiedź:
a. J. F. Cooper authored adventure romances and other fictional and non-fictional works.
b. In his works, Cooper drew on the motifs of the American Revolution and Indian wars. Among his typical characters, there are the brave American soldier, the Indian and the pioneer.
c. J. F. Cooper was an American writer who was very popular in Europe in the 19th century.
d. J. F. Cooper‘s The Spy: A Tale of the Neutral Ground (1821)) is about the Civil War. It is about the American Revolution. Check the year of its publication.


Which of the following statements concerning Cooper’s works which he is most famous for is not true?
a. Natty Bumppo, Leatherstocking, the Deer Slayer and Hawkeye are characters of Cooper’s cycle of Western romances.
b. Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales include: The Pioneers, The Last of the Mohicans, The Prairie, The Pathfinder.
c. The theme of rebirth is reflected in time shifting throughout The Leatherstocking Tales.

WASHINGTON IRVING

What is the name of the persona in whom Washington Irving undertook a comical history of New York?
Diedrich Knickerbocker

When in England, what kind of themes did Irving decide that he would not attempt?
lofty themes


Which great writer does Irving mention as the one he had met in London?
Sir Walter Scott

Whose voyages was Irving able to study in Spain?
Columbus

What book was the result of Irving’s travels in America when he returned from his long European tour?
A tour of Prairies

The biography of which eminent figure is authored by Irving?
George Washington

1856 Part 2

Which of the following motifs/themes is not touched upon in New England Tale by Catherine Maria Sedgwick?
 a relationship between an Indian and a white woman

Which of the following does not characterise/refer to Edgar Allan Poe?
gothic novels

Which of Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories does not feature C. Auguste Dupin?
"The Tell-Tale Heart"


The short story that includes the motif of cryptography
‘The Gold-Bug’

The short story built around the motif of hypnosis and death
‘The Facts on the Case of M. Valdemar’

The short story belonging to the first detective stories
‘The Purloined Letter’

The short story that draws on the motif of disintegration and destruction
"The fall of the House of Usher"

Who of the following authors was/were not E. A. Poe’s predecessor(s) in Gothic fiction?
a. Charles Brockden Brown , the author of Sheppart Lee
b. Susan Bogert Warner, whose famous work was The Wide, Wide World 
c. Robert Montgomery Bird, who wrote Nick of the Woods
d. George Lippard, the author of The Quaker City
e. Lydia Maria Child, the author of Hobomok: A Tale of Early Times

Which poet in his/her poetry, using a variety of poetic forms, draws on everyday life, beauty of nature, children and love for them?
Lydia Huntley Sigourney

Who of the following was a black poet, a slave, and who in his/her poems undertook the issue of slavery?
George Moses Horton

Which of the following names/motifs is not connected with the poem ‘The Raven’ (1845)?
a. mourning after a beloved person
b. passing time
c. E. A. Poe
d. didactic content 
e. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
f. madness



Transcendentalism
AMERICAN MOVEMENT
WRITTEN BY: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
LAST UPDATED: May 27, 2020 See Article History
Alternative Title: New England Transcendentalism


Importance of the spirituall matters over materialistic to have a fullfilling life



Transcendentalism, 19th-century movement of writers and philosophers in New England who were loosely bound together by adherence to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation, the innate goodness of humanity, and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. German transcendentalism (especially as it was refracted by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Thomas Carlyle), Platonism and Neoplatonism, the Indian and Chinese scriptures, and the writings of such mystics as Emanuel Swedenborg and Jakob Böhme were sources to which the New England Transcendentalists turned in their search for a liberating philosophy.

originated in the area around Concord, Massachusetts, and from 1830 to 1855 represented a battle between the younger and older generations and the emergence of a new national culture based on native materials. It attracted such diverse and highly individualistic figures as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, Orestes Brownson, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, and James Freeman Clarke, as well as George Ripley, Bronson Alcott, the younger W.E. Channing, and W.H. Channing. In 1840 Emerson and Margaret Fuller founded The Dial (1840–44), the prototypal “little magazine” wherein some of the best writings by minor Transcendentalists appeared. The writings of the Transcendentalists and those of contemporaries such as Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, and Nathaniel Hawthorne

 women’s suffrage; better conditions for workers; temperance for all; modifications of dress and diet; the rise of free religion; educational innovation; and other humanitarian causes.

RENEISSANCE

people:
The richest period in American literary history, the American Renaissance (1830–1865) produced Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Emily Dickinson. A distinction is traditionally made between the so-called light or optimistic authors (Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman) and the dark or gloomy ones (Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville), with Emily Dickinson, occupying a middle ground, shifting between the light and the dark.

Themes:
 - Optimistic themes included nature’s miraculous beauty, spiritual truths behind the physical world, the primacy of the poetic imagination, and the potential divinity of each individual
Pessimistic ones included haunted minds, perverse or criminal impulses, doubt, and ambiguity

the major authors also projected in their works the paradoxes of a nation that promoted both individualism and union, that touted freedom but tolerated chattel slavery, that preached equality but witnessed widening class divisions and the oppression of women, blacks, and Native Americans.

Jonathan Edwards had devoted their lives to probing ultimate questions about death, God, and human nature

The American authors were strongly influenced by foreign literature, from the ancients to the Romantics

forms:
divided between conventional, sentimental-domestic writings and sensational or grotesquely humorous ones.